![]() ![]() ![]() Temperatures as low as 0.0000005 K have been attained in laboratories on Earth! Outside laboratories, the coldest observed temperature in the universe is 1 K (Boomerang Nebula). But experiments have been successful in attaining temperatures very close to 0 K through the use of cryocoolers, laser cooling, etc. The laws of thermodynamics would not allow this to happen because the temperature of the substance being cooled approaches the temperature of the cooling agent asymptotically. The average temperature of the universe presently is about 2.73 kelvin.Īttaining absolute zero is practically impossible. ![]() The outer space is cool but it has a temperature above absolute zero. Therefore, it appears as if molecules cease their individual chaotic motion and start behaving as a collective body close to absolute zero. Therefore, quantum laws become valid at the macroscopic scale.įermionic condensate is similar to BEC but it contains fermions (electrons, protons, etc) cooled down to near absolute zero temperatures instead of bosons. Under such conditions, large number of bosons occupy the lowest possible quantum state and act as a single particle. When a gas of bosons (photons, gluons, etc) is cooled down to extremely low temperatures, it forms BEC. Some examples are Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), fermionic condensate, etc. Near absolute zero temperature, molecules start to behave weirdly and exhibit various exotic states of matter. Therefore, particles still possess some energy at absolute zero. So, the particles must still move even at the lowest possible temperature. According to the uncertainty principle, one cannot accurately determine the position and momentum of a particle with total precision. ![]()
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